News Intelligence Analysis
Columbia
Journalism Review
http://www.cjr.org/issues/2005/3/blake-evangelist.asp
Stations Of The Cross
How evangelical Christians are creating
an alternative universe of faith-based news
By Mariah Blake
It’s the first Tuesday of April. In Washington, D.C.,
the magnolia trees are blooming, tourists crowd the sidewalk
cafés, and Congress has just returned from its spring
recess. CBN News has chosen
this time to unveil its new and greatly expanded Washington bureau
in the Dupont Circle area, where many major networks have their
local headquarters; the three-story brick fortress that houses
the Washington operations of CBS News is less than a block away.
CBN’s new digs are abuzz with activity. The Republican
Senator Trent Lott came by for an interview earlier in the day,
as did Jim Towey, who directs the
White House office of faith-based initiatives. Now Lee Webb,
the CBN anchor in from Virginia, sits behind the desk in one
of the studios preparing to deliver the network’s first
half-hour nightly newscast from this gleaming set. Behind him
is a floor-to-ceiling world map illuminated in violet and indigo
and a screen emblazoned with CBN’s logo. At his side, just
beyond the camera’s view, sits a squat pedestal that holds
a battered American Standard Bible. Webb lowers his head and
folds his hands. “Father, we are grateful for today’s
program,” he says. “We pray for your blessing. We ask
that what we’re about to do will bring honor to you.”
Then the cameras roll.
To many people — especially in blue-state America —
God, news, and politics may seem an odd cocktail. But it’s
this mix that fuels much of CBN’s programming.
CBN’s flagship program, the 700
Club with Pat Robertson, is familiar to many Americans. But
few outside the evangelical community know how large the network
is — it employs more than 1,000 people and has facilities
in three U.S. cities as well as Ukraine, the Philippines, India,
and Israel — or how diverse its programming. And CBN, or
Christian Broadcasting Network, is just one star in a vast and
growing Christian media universe, which has sprung up largely
under the mainstream’s radar. Conservative evangelicals
control at least six national television networks, each reaching
tens of millions of homes, and virtually all of the nation’s
more than 2,000 religious radio stations. Thanks to Christian
radio’s rapid growth, religious stations now outnumber every
other format except country music and news-talk. If they want
to dwell solely in this alternative universe, believers can now
choose to have only Christian programs piped into their homes. Sky Angel, one of the nation’s
three direct-broadcast satellite networks, carries thirty-six
channels of Christian radio and television — and nothing
else.
As Christian broadcasting has grown, pulpit-based ministries
have largely given way to a robust programming mix that includes
music, movies, sitcoms, reality shows, and cartoons. But the
largest constellation may be news and talk shows. Christian public
affairs programming exploded after September 11, and again in
the run-up to the 2004 presidential election. And this growth
shows no signs of flagging.
Evangelical news looks and sounds much like its secular counterpart,
but it homes in on issues of concern to believers and filters
events through a conservative lens. In some cases this simply
means giving greater weight to the conservative side of the ledger
than most media do. In other instances, it amounts to disguising
a partisan agenda as news. Likewise, most guests on Christian
political talk shows are drawn from a fixed pool of culture warriors
and Republican politicians. Even those shows that focus on non-political
topics — such as finance, health, or family issues —
often weave in political messages. Many evangelical programs
and networks are, in fact, linked to conservative Christian political
or legal organizations, which use broadcasts to help generate
funding and mobilize their base supporters, who are tuning in
en masse. Ninety-six percent of evangelicals consume some form
of Christian media each month, according to the Barna Research
Group.
Given their content and their reach, it’s likely that
Christian broadcasters have helped drive phenomena that have
recently confounded much of the public and the mainstream media
— including the surge in “value voters” and the
drive to sustain Terri Schiavo’s life, a story that was
incubated in evangelical media three years before it hit the
mainstream. Nor has evangelical media’s influence escaped
the notice of those who stroll the halls of power. They’ve
been courted by the likes of Rupert Murdoch, Mel Gibson, and
George W. Bush. All the while, they’ve remained hidden in
plain sight — a powerful but largely unnoticed force shaping
American politics and culture.
Christians have been flocking to broadcasting ever since the
first radio programs began crackling across the airwaves in the
early 1900s. By the 1930s, evangelicals were lobbying for policies
that would ensure their dominance in the religious broadcasting
realm. Their activism was catalyzed by the fact that early on,
the big-three networks donated rather than sold airtime to religious
organizations. The Federal Council of Churches, which represented
the more liberal mainline denominations, favored this system,
which it believed would help keep the religious message from
getting corrupted. But evangelicals worried that networks would
lavish mainline churches with free airtime while giving their
own ministries short shrift. In 1944, they formed the National
Religious Broadcasters(NRB), and that organization lobbied
federal regulators. The strategy worked; the government eventually
decided to let religious organizations purchase as much airtime
as they could afford. Evangelical preachers were soon flooding
the airwaves, while mainline broadcast ministries all but vanished
from the radio dial.
In the sixty-one years since its founding, the NRB has grown
to represent 1,600 broadcasters with billions of dollars in media
holdings and staggering political clout. Its aggressive political
maneuverings have helped shape federal policy, further easing
the evangelical networks’ rapid growth. In 2000, for instance,
the Federal Communications Commission issued guidelines that
would have barred religious broadcasters from taking over frequencies
designated for educational programming. The NRB lobbied Congress
to intervene, at one point delivering a petition signed by nearly
half a million people. Legislators, in turn, bore down on the
FCC, and the agency relented.
At least one mainstream media mogul has taken note of religious
broadcasters’ political might. In 2002, Rupert Murdoch met
with NRB leaders and urged them to oppose a proposed Echostar-DirecTV
merger, which they did. After the FCC nixed the deal, Murdoch’s
News Corporation bought DirecTV and gave the NRB a channel on
it.
The NRB has taken a number of steps to ensure it remains a
political player. The most dramatic came in 2002, after Wayne
Pederson was tapped to replace the network’s longtime president,
Brandt Gustavson. He quickly ignited internal controversy by
telling a Minneapolis Star Tribune reporter that he intended
to shift the organization’s focus away from politics. “We
get associated with the far Christian right and marginalized,”
Pederson lamented. “To me the important thing is to keep
the focus on what’s important to us spiritually.”That
didn’t sit well. Soon members of the executive committee
were clamoring for his ouster. Within weeks, he was forced to
step down.
Frank Wright was eventually chosen to replace Pederson. He
had spent the previous eight years serving as the executive director
of the Center for Christian Statesmanship, a Capitol Hill ministry
that conducts training for politicians on how to “think
biblically about their role in government.” Wright acknowledges
that he was chosen for his deep political connections. “I
came here to re-engage the political culture on issues relating
to broadcasting,” he says. “The rest is up to individual
broadcasters.”
As the NRB has grown larger and more powerful, so have the
broadcasters it represents. Over the last decade, Christian TV
networks have added tens of millions of homes to their distribution
lists by leaping onto satellite and cable systems. The number
of religious radio stations — the vast majority of which
are evangelical — has grown by about 85 percent since 1998
alone. They now outnumber rock, classical, hip-hop, R&B,
soul, and jazz stations combined.
Despite their growing reach, Christian networks still lag
behind many secular heavyweights when it comes to audience size.
About a million U.S. households tune in daily to each of the
most popular Christian television shows; about twenty times that
number watch CBS’s top-rated program, CSI. Likewise, Christian
radio stations draw about 5 percent market share, on average,
while regular news and talk stations attract triple that percentage.
But more and more people are tuning into Christian networks.
Christian radio’s audience, in particular, has climbed 33
percent over the last five years, thanks in large part to the
emergence of contemporary Christian music. No other English-language
format can boast that kind of growth.
The goal of a more diverse program lineup is to attract larger
audiences. CBN’s founder, Pat Robertson, who started this
trend in the late 1970s by converting the 700 Club into a 60
Minutes-style magazine, says he originally considered making
it a music showcase. But he decided news and talk would bring
more viewers. “News provides the crossover between religious
and secular, and it bridges the age gap,” he explains. Robertson
continues to see news and current affairs as a means to an end.
“If you buy a diamond from Tiffany’s the setting is
very important,” he says. “To us, the jewel is the
message of Jesus Christ. We see news as a setting for what’s
most important.”
After remaking the 700 Club, Robertson went on to launch the
first Christian radio news network, called Standard News, in
the early 1990s. It was later purchased by Salem Radio. Over
the next several years, American
Family Radio, USA Radio, and Information Radio Network unveiled
news operations. All of them, except American Family Radio, syndicate
their news programming. And they’ve been picking up affiliates
at a lightning pace, even as regular news has been dropping off
the radio dial. Salem Communications,
which started with around 200 stations, now airs on 1,100 —
seven times as many as broadcast National Public Radio programs.
USA Radio, which in the beginning had just a handful of news
affiliates, now has more than 800. Its news also can be heard
on two XM Satellite Radio stations and Armed Forces Radio. USA
Radio’s rapid growth is due, in part, to the fact that many
mainstream stations are picking up its programming.
Christian radio news networks experienced their largest growth
spurt in the months after September 11. That was also when CBN
launched NewsWatch, the first nightly Christian television news
program. The show is on three of the six national evangelical
television networks, as well as regional Christian networks and
the ABC Family Channel. FamilyNet TV, part of the Southern Baptist
Convention’s media empire, followed suit in 2004 by hiring
a news staff. And at the 2005 NRB convention, Christian television
networks from around the world joined forces to form a news co-op.
They intend to pool footage and other resources as a means of
improving coverage and helping more Christian stations get into
the news business.
Many Christian broadcasters attribute the success of their
news operations to the biblical perspective that underpins their
reporting in a world made wobbly by terrorist threats and moral
relativism. “We don’t just tell them what the news
is,” explains Wright of the NRB. “We tell them what
it means. And that’s appealing to people, especially in
moments of cultural instability.”
It’s Good Friday. The NewsWatch anchor Lee Webb is sitting
behind his desk in CBN’s Virginia Beach headquarters, describing
the events of the day to people across America. Webb — a
wiry man with dark eyes and a white kerchief peaking out of his
breast pocket — spent much of his career in local television.
He delivers the news with an air of cultivated neutrality.
Today he begins with a story on Terri Schiavo, the brain-damaged
Florida woman whose story not only riveted America, but was seized
by Congress and the White House. Her feeding tube had been pulled
a week earlier and, Webb tells his viewers, she’s succumbed
to the ravages of dehydration. He says she has “flaky skin,”
a parched mouth, and “sunken eyes,” and now resembles
“prisoners in concentration camps,” according to her
brother. Whether or not her lips and skin have actually dried
out will become a matter of debate in the mainstream media, with
Schiavo’s parents contending that they have, and her husband’s
lawyer insisting that they haven’t, and that she is not
suffering. But this debate will never enter CBN’s coverage.
Next, NewsWatch cuts to an interview with Joni Eareckson Tada,
a wheelchair-bound woman whom Webb bills as a “disability
rights advocate.” She warns that the Schiavo case will “affect
thousands of disabled people whose legal guardians may not have
their best wishes at heart.” Tada, in fact, runs an evangelical
ministry and hosts a popular Christian radio show. Webb closes
the segment on a revealing, if lopsided, note, announcing that
“the pro-life community says the Terri Schiavo case is proof
positive that the country has a problem when it comes to activist
judges.”
The CBN report echoes hundreds of others that have run on
Christian radio and television networks. While Terri Schiavo’s
name appeared in the mainstream national media only sporadically
before this year, her case has been a top story on Christian
news and talk programs for much of the last three years, as it
combines two issues that are of critical importance to religious
conservatives — the power of the courts and the “sanctity
of life.” Much of the coverage on Christian networks has
distorted Schiavo's condition by indicating she retained the
ability to think, feel, and function. Some newscasts reported
as fact her parents’ contested claim that she tried to utter
the words “I want to live” before her feeding tube
was pulled for the last time. Others, like Janet Folger, host
of the radio and TV call-in show Faith2Action, described Schiavo
as actually sitting up and talking. Evangelical pundits also
demonized Schiavo’s husband, Michael, and the Florida judge
George Greer, who presided over the case, referring to them as
murderers and invoking holocaust rhetoric. Indeed, Christian
broadcasters seemed to set the tone for the emotional language
that would burst into the mainstream media and the halls of Congress
during Schiavo’s final days.
Schiavo’s parents welcomed the Christian broadcasters’
attention. Months before they became the stuff of nightly news
they were blazing a trail through the Christian talk show circuit.
They also attended the NRB’s 2005 conference, held in mid-February,
to help build momentum for a grass-roots campaign to keep their
daughter alive. By then they had already seen proof of the Christian
broadcasters’ power. D. James Kennedy — who, in addition
to hosting several talk shows, heads a lobbying organization
called the Center for Reclaiming America — boasted at one
point that he was collecting 5,000 signatures an hour for a “Petition
to Save Terri Schiavo.” Other leaders, including James Dobson,
perhaps the most influential evangelical host, shut down phone
lines within Governor Jeb Bush’s office by urging their
millions of constituents to call.
After the Schiavo story, NewsWatch carries one about Secretary
of State Condoleezza Rice’s visit to China. Rice is shown
climbing off the plane in Beijing, posing for grip-and-grin shots
with President Hu Jintao, and responding to a reporter’s
question about China’s record on religious freedoms. Then
the report veers into the plight of China’s house churches.
The narrator details how those “who worship in places other
than state churches continue to suffer severe persecution.”
Images on the screen show people singing hymns in a dusty courtyard,
then a man preaching to a crowd of people who sit huddled on
a living room floor. The front door is flung open, and the light
pouring in lends the scene an otherworldly glow.
Evangelical networks focus a great deal of attention on stories
involving persecution of the faithful. They have, for instance,
kept a close eye on the conflicts that have rocked Sudan, including
its Darfur region. Government-backed militias there have been
marauding villages, driving millions of black Africans, many
of them Christians, from their homes. More than 200,000 people
have died as a result. Mainstream coverage has been sparse, given
the conflict’s human toll.
Christian broadcasters also tend to home in on stateside skirmishes
involving Christians that are off the mainstream media’s
radar. This includes the case of eleven evangelicals who were
arrested in 2004 while picketing Outfest, an annual gay pride
event that sprawls across eight Philadelphia city blocks. The
protesters, led by Michael Marcavage, a confrontational evangelical
crusader and founder of “Repent America,” were told
by the police to leave. When they refused, they were arrested.
Four of the eleven were charged with, among other things, fomenting
a riot, criminal conspiracy, and “ethnic intimidation”
— as Philadelphia calls hate crimes.
The story got virtually no mainstream national coverage. But
Christian news networks picked up on it promptly, and a number
of evangelical talk show hosts discussed it at length. Much of
the conversation revolved around the potential pitfalls of hate-crime
laws, which stiffen penalties for offenses that are motivated
by race or sexual orientation. Evangelical pundits argued that
such laws threaten to “criminalize” Christianity, especially
when they’re extended to speech.
After the segment on Chinese house churches comes a special
Good Friday package. This includes a tour of Jerusalem and an
interview with Mel Gibson, who released a less-bloody version
of The Passion of The Christ several weeks earlier. Webb tells
viewers, “In light of its re-release CBN News visited many
of the places where The Passion actually took place.” He
then introduces the reporter Chris Mitchell, who works out of
CBN’s only international bureau, in Jerusalem. Mitchell
— perched on the Mount of Olives surrounded by sweeping
views of the city — invites viewers to tour the sites of
“the biblical drama that changed the world.” Soon he’s
strolling through the Garden of Gethsemane, the dense olive groves
where Christ is said to have prayed on the night of his arrest,
and touring the Sisters of Zion Convent, which houses the paving
stones where some believe Jesus stood before Pontius Pilate.
He continues on to the Via Dolorosa, down which Jesus carried
the cross. The narrow street, which wends its way through the
old Jerusalem, is now thronged with tourists. Mitchell interviews
some of them about the “profound experience” of visiting
Jerusalem after seeing The Passion. “When you see the movie,
you internalize it,” says one woman, who weeps as she speaks.
“Then you come here and see the street where he walked,
the place that he was, and you’re just thankful. You’re
just so thankful for his grace and his mercy, his forgiveness
and for the price that he paid.”
Such intimate expressions of faith are scarce in mainstream
media, even though faith underlies many global conflicts and
guides the choices made by millions of Americans. Religion coverage
tends either to focus on institutions or to reduce religious
practice to a curious spectacle. This, Christian network executives
say, is part of the reason they felt compelled to enter the news
and public affairs arena. They also feel that their viewers needed
a “family friendly” alternative to regular news, which
sometimes leans on lurid descriptions of sex and violence. The
Michael Jackson trial and other sordid stories get a bare-bones
treatment on Christian networks.
Christian news networks devote an enormous amount of airtime
to Israel, and their interest has theological underpinnings.
In addition to being the place where many biblical events unfolded,
Israel plays a pivotal role in biblical prophecy. Most evangelicals
emphasize that God granted Israel to the Jews through a covenant
with Abraham. They believe that the Jews’ return to Israel
was biblically foreordained, and that Jewish control over Israel
will trigger a cascade of apocalyptic events that will culminate
in Christ’s second coming. Israel’s strength is vital
to their own redemption.
Such beliefs explain the unwavering support for Israel expressed
by some evangelical talk show hosts. Among them is Kay Arthur,
whose radio and TV program, Precepts For Life, offers audiences
biblical solutions to everyday dilemmas such as divorce and addictions.
She took to the stage at the Israeli Ministry of Tourism Breakfast,
held in conjunction with the 2005 NRB conference, and told the
hundreds of broadcasters in the audience, “If it came to
a choice between Israel and America, I would stand with Israel.”
Janet Parshall, host of a popular political program that also
runs both on radio and TV, implored the Israelis in attendance,
“Please, please, do not give up any more land.” Lest
anyone think her alone in her zeal, she urged all those who believed
“in the sovereignty of Israel” to stand. Virtually
everyone in the room got up.
Some influential evangelical hosts — among them Arthur,
Parshall, and Pat Robertson — sometimes broadcast live from
Israel and urge listeners and viewers to visit the country. Their
pleas have helped persuade thousands of American Christians to
brave the bloody Intifada for a chance to savor the sights and
smells of Christ’s homeland, while supporting Israel’s
battered economy.
The Israeli government has responded with gratitude. Senior
officials meet regularly with evangelical broadcasters. Former
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu sent Pat Robertson a taped
message for his seventy-fifth birthday, thanking him for his
stalwart support. In addition to staging lavish events in the
broadcasters’ honor, the country’s tourism ministry
rents one of the largest booths at each year’s NRB conference.
This year’s event also featured a number of other Israel-focused
exhibits, including the burned-out hull of a Jerusalem city bus
that was struck by a suicide bomber in January 2004. Part of
the roof had been ripped off and all that was left of the rear
seats was a jumble of twisted steel and charred upholstery. Near
the bumper hung a poster with images of bomb-laden Palestinian
boys. It read: “When Palestinians love their children more
than they hate Israel, then there will be peace in Palestine.”
The turmoil gripping the Middle East has proven to be a particularly
appealing topic for shows like the International Intelligence
Briefing and Prophecy
in the News, which interpret world events — be it
the rise of the European Union or the Asian tsunami — in
light of biblical prophecy. This approach tends to cast events
that flow from controversial human choices as the natural and
inevitable march of destiny. Prophecy-focused shows suggest that
the war in Iraq was foretold in the Bible, for instance.
Some political talk shows go even further out on the apocalyptic
edge. Among them is the 700 Club, which airs on numerous mainstream
stations and reaches about a million U.S. viewers each day. Its
February 25 edition featured an interview with a man named Glenn
Miller, touted on the 700 Club Web site as a “proven prophet.”
A scholarly looking man, Miller sat nestled in an armchair, a
faux-urban skyline glittering in the background, and explained
why God had sent America to war with Iraq. “It has nothing
to do with terrorism,” he told Pat Robertson’s son,
Gordon. “It has nothing to do with oil. It has everything
to do with that there’s 1.2 million Muslims that have been
deceived by the false God Allah, and that the God of heaven,
Jehovah, is now in the process of doing war if you will against
that spirit to . . . break the power of deception so those people
can be exposed to the gospel.” As Miller spoke, Robertson
nodded in sympathy. At one point, Robertson chimed in with the
tale of a CBN reporter who was embedded with one of the first
infantry divisions to march into Baghdad: “He said there
was a sense among the troops — and he had this personal
sense as well — that this was a spiritual victory, that
this was a movement in the heavenlies.”
Some evangelical talk show hosts see more conflict on the
horizon in the Middle East. For instance, J.R. Church of Prophecy
in the News recently predicted that the United States would attack
Syria, probably with a nuclear bomb. As proof the host pointed
to a passage from Isaiah, which warned that Damascus would be
reduced to a “ruinous heap.”
Once NewsWatch’s Jerusalem tour is over, Mel Gibson appears.
He’s sitting on a dimly lit sound stage opposite the reporter
Scott Ross. The walls are covered with posters for The Passion,
and throughout the interview images from the film flash across
the screen. Gibson talks about the making of the movie, which
he calls “the culmination of a fifteen-year journey of faith,”
and about how America “is a huge nation based on Christian
principles from the Constitution.”
Gibson began appearing regularly on Christian news and talk
shows in the months leading up to the The Passion’s original
release — part of a well-coordinated marketing campaign
that leaned heavily on Christian radio and TV. Christian networks
ran hundreds of promotional spots and behind-the-scenes specials
on the film. It was a fruitful partnership for Gibson, who has
watched The Passion become the highest-grossing R-rated film
in U.S. box office history. As he told those at the 2005 NRB
conference, “It was largely because of the people in this
broad organization that the film was able to get out there and
be seen.”
Gibson’s words notwithstanding, it’s difficult to
know just how much of The Passion’s success can actually
be attributed to Christian broadcasters, since it was also promoted
through other channels. But the story of The
Omega Code, a 1999 apocalyptic thriller, provides a clearer
illustration of the broadcasters’ power. The film’s
release wasn’t accompanied by the standard flurry of marketing.
No advance press screening, no reviews, and minimal advertising.
But the family of one of its producers, Matthew Crouch, owns
Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN),
the largest of the Christian TV networks, which promoted the
film tirelessly. The result: The Omega Code was the tenth
highest-grossing film on its opening weekend, with a per-screen
average of nearly $8,000 — higher than that of any other
movie that weekend. The film’s success stunned the mainstream
media, Hollywood insiders, and even TBN executives. “We
had no idea we had that power in America,” says Robert Higley,
the network’s vice president for sales and affiliate relations.
In the years since The Omega Code’s release, Christian
broadcasters have brought their power to bear in the political
arena as never before. This began a few months after the 2000
presidential election, when President Bush invited the NRB’s
executive committee to join him and Attorney General John Ashcroft
for a meeting in the Roosevelt Room at the White House. After
the gathering the NRB’s board chairman wrote an exuberant
message to members, saying there was a “new wind blowing
in Washington, D.C., and across the nation . . . . The President
has surrounded himself with a wonderful staff of people of faith.
And it’s obvious that people of faith are being welcomed
back to the public square.” The message also urged members
to seize the opportunity to “make a difference in our culture”
— which in the parlance of religious conservatives generally
means effecting political change.
In the months that followed the Roosevelt Room gathering,
the NRB executive committee continued to meet periodically with
senior White House staff members. On occasion, Bush himself attended.
And monthly NRB-White House conference calls were established
to give rank-and-file NRB members a direct line to the Oval Office.
George W. Bush also attended NRB’s 2003 convention and
gave a speech, much of it dedicated to promoting the looming
war in Iraq. At the event, the NRB passed a resolution to “honor”
the president. Though the NRB is a tax-exempt organization, and
thus banned from backing a particular candidate, the document
resembled an endorsement. The final line read, “We recognize
in all of the above that God has appointed President George W.
Bush to leadership at this critical period in our nation’s
history, and give Him thanks.”
Many evangelical networks and program producers are also tax-exempt
nonprofits. But while most were careful not to endorse candidates
by name, they openly pushed the Republican ticket in the run-up
to the 2004 election. During his last pre-election broadcast,
the International Intelligence Briefing host Hal Lindsey told
audiences that liberals were determined to “bring about
our literal annihilation,” and that “a vote for the
conservative cause . . . is a vote to . . . reverse America’s
decline and restore her to the path of morality, conscience,
and strength of character. It’s a vote to continue America’s
return to her rightful place as the strongest beacon of hope
in a terrified world.” Other broadcasters went further,
launching and promoting massive voter-registration drives with
the apparent goal of helping Republicans clinch a victory. The
host James Dobson held pro-Bush rallies that packed stadiums
and told his 7 million U.S. listeners that it was a sin not to
vote.
During the pre-election frenzy FamilyNet,
the television arm of the Southern Baptist Convention’s
media empire, added a political talk show to its formerly entertainment-heavy
lineup. It was also during this period that it established its
news department. The network, which reaches 30 million homes,
reported live from both parties’ conventions, and ran evening
coverage on election day — all of it salted with pro-Bush
commentary. Several other Christian networks also ran continuous,
live election coverage for the first time. Much of it carried
a clear bias. USA Radio Network, for example, ran pieces produced
to sound like news stories, but with a single conservative perspective.
One segment, based solely on an interview with the former CIA
analyst Wayne Simmons, reported that Osama bin Laden spent years
laying plans to destroy America, only to have them thwarted by
a tough-talking Texan. “He never planned on running into
a president with the strength, character, and conviction of George
W. Bush,” Simmons said. “If George W. Bush wins the
presidency, his fate — meaning Osama bin Laden’s fate
— is sealed. If John Kerry wins, he’ll go back to business
as usual because he knows he’ll have another administration
in there where he did nothing and let them plan attacks on us.”
The role that evangelicals are credited with playing in the
recent election seems only to have improved broadcasters’
access to power. During the opening session of the 2005 NRB convention,
Wright described a recent lobbying excursion to Capitol Hill.
“We got into rooms we’ve never been in before,”
he said. “We got down on the floor of the Senate and prayed
over Hillary Clinton’s desk.” He also explained that
the NRB was lobbying to get its handpicked candidate appointed
to the FCC — although he refused to identify the person
by name. At the convention, the NRB also unveiled its new “President’s
Council,” a committee dedicated to strengthening “relationships
with men and women in positions of influence and power,”
according to the glossy brochure. The council’s next event,
scheduled for September, is to include a private, after-hours
tour of the U.S. Capitol, a special White House policy briefing,
and a hobnobbing session with lawmakers.
Meanwhile, the broadcasters have turned their attention to
what has become the front line of the culture wars: the courts.
Conservative Christian pundits have long proclaimed that our
nation is in moral tatters, and blamed a series of court decisions
— among them Roe v. Wade and the 1962 ban on school prayer
— for unraveling our mores. But the raging battle over President
Bush’s judicial nominees and the prospect of a Supreme Court
vacancy have pushed the issue of the “out of control”
judiciary to the top of their agenda.
In recent months, evangelical broadcasters have dedicated
program after program to bemoaning “judicial tyranny,”
and urging audiences to agitate for the “nuclear option”
— changing Senate rules so Democrats can no longer filibuster
and thereby block nominees they oppose. The judiciary was also
front and center during opening week at the network’s new
Washington bureau. A parade of senators — all of them Republican
— made their way into the studio, to go on camera advocating
the nuclear option. During his interview, broadcast as part of
NewsWatch’s inaugural Washington, D.C., program, Trent Lott
stood with studio lights glinting off the American flag pin on
his lapel, and held up a scrap of paper with a list of senators’
names and how they intended to vote on the initiative. The tally
seemed to be stacking up in his favor. Pat Robertson, who interviewed
Lott, asked no tough questions and offered not even a passing
nod to opposing viewpoints. Instead, Robertson scored Democrats
for trying to “eliminate religious values from America”
by blocking the appointment of conservative judges. All the while,
the dizzying blend of God, news, and politics that he has crafted
and honed was bouncing off satellites, winding through thousands
of cable systems, rippling over the airwaves, and glowing on
television screens across America.
Mariah Blake is an assistant editor at CJR. The magazine gratefully
acknowledges support for her research from the Nation Institute’s
Investigative Fund.
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